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Abstract(s)
Considerando o contributo relevante do enoturismo para o desenvolvimento económico nacional e para a divulgação do património regional, bem como, a importância que a sustentabilidade tem para este setor de atividade, as empresas têm vindo a estabelecer um conjunto de metas e objetivos que visam o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Esta tese tem como objetivo geral analisar as práticas sustentáveis nas empresas do setor do enoturismo de diversas regiões demarcadas. Mais especificamente pretende-se: identificar quais são as práticas sustentáveis mais relevantes que as empresas do setor de enoturismo estão a implementar; verificar quais são as pressões internas e pressões externas relacionadas com a implementação de práticas sustentáveis; identificar quais são os benefícios relacionados com a implementação de práticas sustentáveis; identificar quais são as barreiras à implementação de práticas sustentáveis; verificar se as empresas com certificação apresentam uma maior predisposição para a implementação de práticas sustentáveis; verificar se o número de colaboradores influencia a implementação de práticas sustentáveis; e por último verificar se o volume de negócios tem influência na implementação de práticas sustentáveis.
De forma a responder aos objetivos estipulados, primeiramente, efetuou-se uma revisão da literatura visando temáticas como a sustentabilidade e o enoturismo, isto é, é definido o conceito de sustentabilidade e é feita a apresentação dos modelos de sustentabilidade, bem como, a identificação das três dimensões da sustentabilidade (ambiental, social e económica). De seguida, são mencionadas as pressões (que se dividem em pressões externas e pressões internas), barreiras, benefícios e são descritas as normas de certificação em âmbito nacional e internacional. Ainda, é apresentado o conceito, características e contexto do enoturismo no Mundo e em Portugal.
Posteriormente procedeu-se à recolha dos dados entre os meses de abril e maio de 2019, através da aplicação de inquéritos por questionário (em formato online), sendo que, a amostra final abrangeu 103 empresas do setor do enoturismo. Esta etapa corresponde à fase I do estudo (investigação quantitativa). Os resultados obtidos permitem confirmar que a implementação de práticas sustentáveis é influenciada por pressões (externas e internas); as barreiras afetam a relação entre pressões e implementação de práticas sustentáveis e que a implementação de práticas sustentáveis está positivamente associada à conquista de múltiplos benefícios. Contudo, os resultados não permitem confirmar que as empresas que são certificadas apresentam uma maior predisposição para a implementação de práticas sustentáveis, que quanto maior for o número de colaboradores, maior será o grau de implementação de práticas sustentáveis e que quanto maior for o volume de negócios, maior será o grau de implementação de práticas sustentáveis.
Para uma melhor compreensão de alguns aspetos, que no questionário não foi possível aferir de modo aprofundado, optou-se por explorar alguns tópicos de investigação. Assim, um conjunto de questões de investigação foi definido. Desta forma, entre os meses de fevereiro e maio de 2020 procedeu-se à realização de entrevistas a nove empresas, cujos entrevistados são membros de administração/direção das empresas. Esta etapa corresponde à fase II do estudo (investigação qualitativa). Com base na análise de conteúdo constatou-se que as empresas implementam várias práticas sustentáveis, sendo a certificação considerada um aspeto bastante valorizado; foram ainda identificados os benefícios percecionados e os desafios para o futuro.
Espera-se que a presente investigação possa contribuir para o aprofundamento do conhecimento e da prática da sustentabilidade no setor do enoturismo.
Considering the relevant contribution of wine tourism to national economic development and the dissemination of regional heritage, as well as the importance that sustainability has for this sector, companies have been establishing a set of goals to take into account sustainable development. The main goal of this thesis is to analyse sustainable practices of the companies in the wine tourism industry. It is intended to identify which are the most relevant sustainable practices that the companies of the wine tourism industry are implementing; to verify what are the internal and external pressures related to the implementation of sustainable practices; to identify the benefits related to the implementation of sustainable practices; to identify what are the barriers related to the implementation sustainable practices; to verify if certified companies are greater predisposition to implement sustainable practices; to verify the number of employees influences the implementation of sustainable practices and to verify whether the company turnover influences the implementation of sustainable practices. In order to achieve the proposed goals, firstly, a literature review was carried out on sustainability and wine tourism; where the concept of sustainability is defined, and the sustainability models are presented. The dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economic) are also explained, as well as the pressures (external pressures and internal pressures), barriers, benefits, and certification standards at the national and international levels are mentioned. Lastly, the concept, characteristics and context of wine tourism in the world and Portugal are presented. Subsequently, the data was collected from April until May 2019 through a questionnaire (in a digital format). The final sample covered 103 companies in the wine tourism sector. This stage is part of phase I of the study (quantitative research). The results enable to confirm that external and internal pressures influence the implementation of sustainable practices; barriers affect the relationship between pressures and the implementation of sustainable practices and that the implementation of sustainable practices is positively associated with the achievement of multiple benefits. However, the results do not enable to confirm that certified companies have a greater predisposition for sustainable practices implementation; the greater the number of employees, the greater the degree of implementation of sustainable practices and, the greater the company turnover, the greater the degree of implementation of sustainable practices. For a better understanding of some of the issues the questionnaire was unable to assess in-depth, it was decided to explore some research topics. Thus, a set of research questions was defined. From February until May 2020, interviews were conducted with heads of department of nine companies. This stage belongs to phase II of the study (qualitative research). The results of this phase identify: i) several sustainable practices; ii) certification is considered a highly valued aspect, iii) the perceived benefits, and iv) challenges for the future. It is expected that this research will contribute to deepening the knowledge and implementation of sustainable practices in the wine tourism sector.
Considering the relevant contribution of wine tourism to national economic development and the dissemination of regional heritage, as well as the importance that sustainability has for this sector, companies have been establishing a set of goals to take into account sustainable development. The main goal of this thesis is to analyse sustainable practices of the companies in the wine tourism industry. It is intended to identify which are the most relevant sustainable practices that the companies of the wine tourism industry are implementing; to verify what are the internal and external pressures related to the implementation of sustainable practices; to identify the benefits related to the implementation of sustainable practices; to identify what are the barriers related to the implementation sustainable practices; to verify if certified companies are greater predisposition to implement sustainable practices; to verify the number of employees influences the implementation of sustainable practices and to verify whether the company turnover influences the implementation of sustainable practices. In order to achieve the proposed goals, firstly, a literature review was carried out on sustainability and wine tourism; where the concept of sustainability is defined, and the sustainability models are presented. The dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economic) are also explained, as well as the pressures (external pressures and internal pressures), barriers, benefits, and certification standards at the national and international levels are mentioned. Lastly, the concept, characteristics and context of wine tourism in the world and Portugal are presented. Subsequently, the data was collected from April until May 2019 through a questionnaire (in a digital format). The final sample covered 103 companies in the wine tourism sector. This stage is part of phase I of the study (quantitative research). The results enable to confirm that external and internal pressures influence the implementation of sustainable practices; barriers affect the relationship between pressures and the implementation of sustainable practices and that the implementation of sustainable practices is positively associated with the achievement of multiple benefits. However, the results do not enable to confirm that certified companies have a greater predisposition for sustainable practices implementation; the greater the number of employees, the greater the degree of implementation of sustainable practices and, the greater the company turnover, the greater the degree of implementation of sustainable practices. For a better understanding of some of the issues the questionnaire was unable to assess in-depth, it was decided to explore some research topics. Thus, a set of research questions was defined. From February until May 2020, interviews were conducted with heads of department of nine companies. This stage belongs to phase II of the study (qualitative research). The results of this phase identify: i) several sustainable practices; ii) certification is considered a highly valued aspect, iii) the perceived benefits, and iv) challenges for the future. It is expected that this research will contribute to deepening the knowledge and implementation of sustainable practices in the wine tourism sector.
Description
Keywords
Sustentabilidade Práticas sustentáveis Enoturismo Motivações Pressões internas Pressões externas Barreiras Benefícios Certificação