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- Efeitos dos Fatores Cognitivos e Psicológicos em Ambiente de Praxe Académica na Intenção EmpreendedoraPublication . Garcez, Ana Paula Braga; Franco, Mário José BaptistaO desenvolvimento económico de uma nação é suportado, em parte, pelo empreendedorismo, pois este permite a criação de emprego, agrega valor a novos produtos e/ou serviços e é visto como catalisador de desenvolvimento social. Para estudar este fenómeno, a intenção e comportamento dos potenciais empreendedores (estudantes) tem sido fortemente investigada. Neste contexto, surgem os seguintes objetivos desta investigação: (1) analisar se os fatores psicológicos e cognitivos dos estudantes universitários influenciam a intenção empreendedora, (2) analisar se os fatores psicológicos e cognitivos influenciam a integração na praxe académica e (3) avaliar o efeito que a intenção empreendedora pode ter na integração da praxe académica. Para alcançar estes objetivos este estudo incidiu numa amostra de estudantes do primeiro ano (primeira inscrição) dos diversos cursos que fazem parte da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (FCSH) da Universidade Beira do Interior (UBI), Portugal. Para alcançar estes objetivos, recorreu-se a uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa e como instrumento de recolha de dados recorreu-se a um questionário administrado junto dos alunos selecionados para o presente estudo (N= 321). A análise dos dados foi feita recorrendo à estatística descritiva e a modelos com equações estruturais. Com a realização deste estudo conclui-se que os fatores cognitivos e psicológicos dos estudantes influenciam a intenção empreendedora dos estudantes. Em relação ao segundo objetivo, que procurava avaliar a influência dos fatores psicológicos e cognitivos na integração dos estudantes na praxe académica, não foram verificados efeitos diretos estatisticamente significativos dos fatores psicológicos e cognitivos na praxe. Embora esta relação não tenha sido confirmada, esta fortalece a investigação no sentido de evidenciar que nem todos os estudantes que participam na praxe têm os fatores psicológicos e cognitivos necessários para o empreendedorismo, pois alguns estudantes que participam neste ritual fazem-no unicamente pelo desejo de integração e socialização. Finalmente, com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a intenção empreendedora exerce uma influência positiva na praxe académica dos estudantes universitários. Também se verificou o efeito indireto dos fatores psicológicos nesta relação entre a intenção empreendedora e a praxe. Assim, os resultados obtidos mostram que os estudantes que têm uma intenção empreendedora percebem positivamente a praxe académica. Esta relação é importante, já que o fortalecimento das self competências dos estudantes (por exemplo, o comportamento autoeficácia, autoconfiança, entre outros), podem fortalecer as suas capacidades empreendedoras. De facto, os jovens estudantes são considerados os agentes futuros fundamentais para o desenvolvimento económico, e disseminação do trabalho autónomo e a criação de novas empresas. Algumas implicações para a teoria e prática nesta área de investigação são também apresentadas.
- The Influence of the Structural Pillars of Digital Academic Entrepreneurship on University Students’ Entrepreneurial IntentionPublication . Garcez, Ana Paula Braga; Franco, Mário José Baptista; Silva, Ricardo Moreira daIn the dynamic, complex and emerging environment which characterises the phenomenon of digital academic entrepreneurship, accelerating in the post Covid-19 period, digital technology has become essential in educational processes. Setting out from the general lines of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Sociotechnical Theory, this research aimed to analyse the influence of digital academic entrepreneurship on university students’ entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, four studies were carried out from the following research question: What are the influences of the pillars of digital academic entrepreneurship on university students’ entrepreneurial intention? The four specific studies aimed to: (1) Map studies on digital entrepreneurship, digital technology and digital transformation, and propose a structural model of analysis for digital academic entrepreneurship; (2) Propose a conceptual model of analysis to allow assessment of the Soft Skills dimension; (3) Propose a conceptual model of analysis to allow assessment of the Hard Skills dimension, and (4) Analyse the influence of the pillars (Hard Skills and Soft Skills-.) of digital academic entrepreneurship on university students’ entrepreneurial intention and how that relation can be mediated by the theory of planned behaviour. The methodological strategy adopted here was based on an exploratory study, as this type of study aims to explain the reasons, ideas and motivations underlying the phenomenon of digital academic entrepreneurship and its influence on university students’ entrepreneurial intention. To validate the structural model proposed in this research, a quantitative approach was also adopted, using a final sample of 761 Portuguese (51%) and Brazilian (49%) university students. The systematic literature review (SLR) method was also used to understand the extent and depth of the existing body of work. Data analysis was carried out through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation models. The results allow the conclusion that the pillars of digital academic entrepreneurship (Hard and Soft Skills) have a direct and indirect positive influence on university students’ entrepreneurial intention. The empirical evidence also suggests that the direct effects of Hard Skills (Management tools, Digital processes and Digital products) and Soft Skills (Individual characteristics; Cultural characteristics and Knowledge sharing) are slightly less than the total indirect effects between these pillars and entrepreneurial intention, when considering the mediations of Entrepreneurial Attitude and Perceived Behavioural Control, and even when inserting Subjective Norms as a mediator with these dimensions. These results raise a number of pertinent questions that warrant deeper reflection, not just in the scientific and academic community, but also among political and government entities. This research also provides important evidence to expand digital entrepreneurial education in higher education institutions (HEI), as it contributes to greater understanding of intention and the factors leading to formation of that intention among higher education students. Other implications for theory and practice are also presented.
- Purchase System for People with Reduced Mobility: Promoting Equity Idealized by Society 5.0Publication . Garcez, Ana; Silva, Ricardo Moreira da; Matos, Luís Carlos Inácio de; Lima, Tânia M.; Lima, César Emanoel Barbosa de; Santos, Fernando CharruaThe economic development of a nation is supported, in part, by entrepreneurship, as it allows job creation, adds value to new products and / or services, and is seen as a catalyst for social development. Currently, the world is moving towards “Society 5.0”, which seeks a sustainable, egalitarian society centered on the human being, where Digital Transformation will impact on the improvement of people's quality of life. The aim of this paper was to analyze the process of transition from intention to entrepreneurial action of a product based on technology, entitled “purchase system for people with reduced mobility”, developed within a start-up, that had as vision the "individual with reduced mobility". For it, was used the (N)ethnography (or study of individual life stories through the digital middle lens) to understand the process that analyzed using the following filters: (1) Presence of role models and mentors (2) Work Experience (3) Individual difference (4) Education and training (5) Firm Characteristics (6) Culture and Institutional environment and (7) Digital Transformation. It was possible to conclude that the purchase system for people with reduced mobility enables inclusion, not only in its use, but since its conception; that the whole process was only possible due to the presence of a series of facilitating conditions and that such conditions were planned for society 5.0, but, are not yet available to everyone, at all times and in all places, thus that this society 5.0 is still utopian, just one concept to be implemented.
- Active Learning “Factory of Boxes” in the Teaching-Learning Processes in Engineering and EntrepreneurshipPublication . Silva, Ricardo; Garcez, Ana; Gomes, Maria; Morais, António; Lima, Tânia M.; Santos, Fernando Charrua; Franco, Mário"Factory of Boxes” is an Active Learning (AL) where concepts related to Industrial Engineering, Mechanics, Mechatronics, Electrotechnics and Entrepreneurial Management can be cultivated. The interconnection of these concepts offers the possibility of developing occupational related skills in the most diverse areas of knowledge. It is the use of AL, simulating the method of a factory which produces cardboard boxes in different layouts and production systems, namely: (a) Classic Taylorist-Fordist Model; (b) Positions’ Enrichment Volvo Model; (c) cell production Toyota Model; and (d) automated line Taylorist-Fordist Classic Model. Data collection was based on observation, counting and recording production in a simulated test at two Universities (UFPB – Brazil and UBI – Portugal) involving master students in Industrial Engineering. The data were analysed from the aspects of productivity and cycle-time. The results showed: (a) It is an economically viable AL since it uses low-cost materials (except for simulating with automated posts which requires some investment) and (b) the Classic Model has the highest cycle-time and the Toyota Model has higher productivity, although these results derive from simulations with a teaching-learning aim and cannot be generalized. With the involvement of students-apprentices, knowledge was absorbed through layout-sharing and analysis of work organisation models’ dynamics, involving activities using Engineering, Industrial Management and Entrepreneurship tools and concepts.