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- Managing Allergic Rhinitis in the Pharmacy: An ARIA Guide for Implementation in PracticePublication . Lourenço, Olga; Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia; Costa, Elísio; Fonseca, Joao A; Menditto, Enrica; Cvetkovski, Biljana; Kritikos, Vicky; Tan, Rachel; Bedbrook, Anna; Scheire, Sophie; Bachert, Claus; Białek, Sławomir; Briedis, Vitalis; Boussery, Koen; Canonica, G Walter; Haahtela, Tari; Kuna, Piotr; Novellino, Ettore; Samolinski, Boleslaw; Schünemann, Holger J; Wallace, Dana; Bousquet, JeanThe paradigm of how we manage allergic rhinitis is shifting with a growing understanding that it is a complex process, requiring a coordinated effort from healthcare providers and patients. Pharmacists are key members of these integrated care pathways resolving medication-related problems, optimizing regimens, improving adherence and recommending therapies while establishing liaisons between patients and physicians. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the public and allergic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases managed by pharmacists. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines developed over the past 20 years have improved the care of allergic rhinitis patients through an evidence-based, integrated care approach. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to allergic rhinitis management in community pharmacy following the 2019 ARIA in the pharmacy guidelines.
- Patient‐centered digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma: The ARIA‐EAACI approach – ARIA‐EAACI Task Force ReportPublication . Bousquet, Jean; Shamji, Mohamed; Anto, Josep M.; Schünemann, Holger; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Jutel, Marek; Del Giacco, Stafano; Zuberbier, Torsten; Pfaar, Oliver; Fonseca, Joao A; Pinto, Bernardo Sousa; Pétré, Benoit; Pham‐Thi, Nhân; Puggioni, Francesca; Quirce, Santiago; Roche, Nicolas; Rouadi, Philip; Sousa, Ana Sá; Sagara, Hironori; Sastre, Joaquin; Scichilone, Nicola; Sheikh, Aziz; Sova, Milan; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli; Taborda Barata, Luis; Todo-Bom, Ana; Torres, María Jose; Tsiligianni, Ioanna; Usmani, Omar; Valovirta, Erkka; Vasankari, Tuula; Vieira, Rafael José; Wallace, Dana; Waserman, Susan; Zidarn, Mihaela; Yorgancıoglu, Arzu; Zhang, Luo; Chivato, Tomás; Ollert, Markus; Klimek, Ludger; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Bedbrook, Anna; Amaral, Rita; Ansotegui Zubeldia, Ignacio Javier; Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia; Braido, Fulvio; Loureiro, Cláudia Chaves; Gemicioglu, Bilun; Haahtela, Tari; Kulus, Marek; Kuna, Piotr; Kupczyk, Maciej; Matricardi, Paolo Maria; Regateiro, Frederico S.; Samoliński, Bolesław; Sofiev, Mikhail; Toppila-Salmi, Sanna; Valiulis, Arunas; Ventura, Maria Teresa; Bárbara, Cristina; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Bewick, Michael; Blain, Hubert; Bonini, Matteo; Boulet, Louis-Philippe; Bourret, Rodolphe; Brusselle, Guy; Brussino, Luisa; Buhl, Roland; Cardona, Victoria; Casale, Thomas; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Charpin, Denis; Cherrez Ojeda, Ivan; Chu, Derek K; Cing, Cemal; Costa, Elísio; Cruz, Álvaro A.; Devillier, Philippe; Dramburg, Stephanie; Fokkens, Wytske; Gotua, Maia; Heffler, Enrico; Ispayeva, Zhanat; Ivancevich, Juan Carlos; Joos, Guy; Kaidashev, Igor; Kraxner, Helga; Kvedarienė, Violeta; Larenas Linnemann, Désirée; Laune, Daniel; Lourenço, Olga; Louis, Renaud; Mäkelä, Mika J.; Makris, Michael; Maurer, Marcus; Melén, Erik; Micheli, Yann; Almeida, Mário Morais; Mullol, Joaquim; Niedoszytko, Marek; O'Hehir, Robyn; Okamoto, Yoshitaka; Olze, Heidi; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Papi, Alberto; Patella, VincenzoBiomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with rhinitis and/ or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the center of the health system and is likely to optimize the practice of allergy. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomized controlled trials, observational real-life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK-air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom-medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e-DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, was embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real-life, it secondly proposed quality-of- life digital biomarkers including daily EQ-5D visual analogue scales and the bi-weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.
- Identifying an effective mobile health application for the self-management of allergic rhinitis and asthma in AustraliaPublication . Tan, Rachel; Cvetkovski, Biljana; Koshelev, Alexey; O'Hehir, Robyn; Lourenço, Olga; Bousquet, Jean; Bosnic-Anticevich, SinthiaObjective: People with allergic rhinitis (AR) often self-manage in the community pharmacy setting without consulting health care professionals and trivialize their comorbidities such as asthma. A mobile health application (mHealth app) with a self-monitoring and medication adherence system can assist with the appropriate self-management of AR and asthma. This study aimed to identify an app effective for the self-management of AR and/or asthma. Methods: MHealth apps retrieved from the Australian Apple App Store and Android Google Play Store were included in this study if they were developed for self-management of AR and/or asthma; in English language; free of charge for the full version; and accessible to users of the mHealth app. The mHealth app quality was evaluated on three domains using a two-stage process. In Stage 1, the apps were ranked along Domain 1 (Accessibility in both app stores). In Stage 2, the apps with Stage 1, maximum score were ranked along Domain 2 (alignment with theoretical principles of the self-management of AR and/or asthma) and Domain 3 (usability of the mHealth app using Mobile App Rating Scale instrument). Results: Of the 418 apps retrieved, 31 were evaluated in Stage 1 and 16 in Stage 2. The MASK-air achieved the highest mean rank and covered all self-management principles except the doctor's appointment reminder and scored a total MARS mean score of 0.91/1. Conclusions:MASK-air is ranked most highly across the assessment domains for the self-management of both AR and coexisting asthma. This mHealth app covers the majority of the self-management principles and is highly engaging.
- Digitally‐enabled, patient‐centred care in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity: The ARIA‐MASK‐air® approachPublication . Bousquet, Jean; Anto, Josep M.; Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Bedbrook, Anna; Haahtela, Tari; Klimek, Ludger; Pfaar, Oliver; Kuna, Piotr; Kupczyk, Maciej; Regateiro, Frederico S.; Palamarchuk, Yuliia; Pépin, Jean‐Louis; Pétré, Benoit; Picard, Robert; Pitsios, Constantinos; Puggioni, Francesca; Quirce, Santiago; Raciborski, Filip; Reitsma, Sietze; Roche, Nicolas; Samolinski, Boleslaw; Rodriguez‐Gonzalez, Monica; Romantowski, Jan; Sousa, Ana Sá; Serpa, Faradiba S.; Savouré, Marine; Shamji, Mohamed H.; Sova, Milan; Sperl, Annette; Stellato, Cristiana; Todo‐Bom, Ana; Valiulis, Arunas; Tomazic, Peter Valentin; Vandenplas, Olivier; Van Eerd, Michiel; Vasankari, Tuula; Viart, Frédéric; Waserman, Susan; Fonseca, Joao A; Zuberbier, Torsten; Yorgancioglu, Arzu; Arnavielhe, Sylvie; Basagaña, Xavier; Bergmann, Karl C.; Bosnic‐Anticevich, Sinthia; Brussino, Luisa; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Cardona, Victoria; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Loureiro, Cláudia Chaves; Costa, Elísio; Cruz, Alvaro A.; Gemicioglu, Bilun; Fokkens, Wytske; Ivancevich, Juan Carlos; Kraxner, Helga; Kvedariene, Violeta; Linnemann, Désirée E. Larenas; Laune, Daniel; Louis, Renaud; Makris, Michael; Maurer, Marcus; Melén, Erik; Micheli, Yann; Almeida, Mário Morais; Mullol, Joaquim; Niedoszytko, Marek; Okamoto, Yoshitaka; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Patella, Vincenzo; Pham‐Thi, Nhân; Rouadi, Philip W.; Sastre, Joaquin; Scichilone, Nicola; Sheikh, Aziz; Sofiev, Mikhail; Barata, Luís Taborda; Salmi, Sanna Toppila; Tsiligianni, Ioanna; Valovirta, Erkka; Ventura, Maria Teresa; Vieira, Rafael José; Zidarn, Mihaela; Amaral, Rita; Ansotegui, Ignacio J.; Bédard, Annabelle; Benveniste, Samuel; Bewick, Michael; Jensen, Carsten Bindslev; Blain, Hubert; Bonini, Matteo; Bourret, Rodolphe; Braido, Fulvio; Martins, Pedro Carreiro; Charpin, Denis; Cherrez‐Ojeda, Ivan; Chivato, Tomas; Chu, Derek K.; Cingi, Cemal; Del Giacco, Stefano; de Blay, Frédéric; Devillier, Philippe; De Vries, Govert; Doulaptsi, Maria; Doyen, Virginie; Dray, Gérard; Fontaine, Jean‐François; Gomez, R. Maximiliano; Hagemann, Jan; Heffler, Enrico; Hofmann, Maja; Jassem, Ewa; Jutel, Marek; Keil, Thomas; Kritikos, Vicky; Kull, Inger; Kulus, Marek; Lourenço, Olga; Mathieu‐Dupas, Eve; Menditto, Enrica; Mösges, Ralph; Murray, Ruth; Nadif, Rachel; Neffen, Hugo; Nicola, Stefania; O’Hehir, Robyn; Olze, HeidiMASK‐air®, a validated mHealth app (Medical Device regulationClass IIa) has enabled large observational implementation studies in over 58,000 people with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. It can help to address unmet patient needs in rhinitis and asthma care. MASK‐air® is a Good Practice of DG Santé on digitally‐enabled, patient‐centred care. Itis also a candidate Good Practice ofOECD (Organisation for EconomicCo‐operation and Development). MASK‐air® data has enabled novel phenotype discovery and characterisation, as well as novel insights into the management of allergic rhinitis. MASK‐air® data show that most rhinitis patients (i) are not adherent and do notfollow guidelines, (ii) use as‐needed treatment, (iii) do not take medication when they are well, (iv) increase their treatment based on symptoms and (v) do not use the recom mended treatment. The data also show that control (symptoms, work productivity, educational performance) is not always improved by medications. A combined symptom‐medication score (ARIA‐EAACI‐CSMS) has been validated for clinical practice and trials. The implications of the novel MASK‐air® results should lead to change management in rhinitis and asthma.
- ARIA 2019: Um Percurso Assistencial Integrado para a Rinite Alérgica em PortugalPublication . Fonseca, Joao A; Gomes, Tiago Taveira; Pereira, Ana Margarida; Ferreira, Manuel Branco; Martins, Pedro Carreiro; Correia, Magna Alves; Sousa, Jaime Correia de; Costa, Elísio; Lourenço, Olga; Almeida, Mário Morais; Morête, Ana; Regateiro, Frederico; Bom, Ana Todo; Bachert, Claus; Pfaar, Oliver; Wallace, Dana; Bedbrook, Anna; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Bousquet, JeanA iniciativa Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) teve início há mais de 20 anos e tem elaborado e disseminado orientações baseadas em evidência, e desenvolvido projetos na área da rinite alérgica. Esta iniciativa está atualmente focada em proporcionar orientações centradas no doente que contribuam para um percurso integrado entre os vários níveis de cuidados e que tirem partido de soluções digitais, tendo sido recomendada a introdução na prática clínica de percursos assistenciais integrados. Neste artigo descrevemos a adaptação para Portugal do documento ARIA Integrated Care Pathways. Após breve revisão sobre a epidemiologia e o impacto da rinite alérgica em Portugal e das atividades realizadas em Portugal no âmbito da iniciativa ARIA, é descrito o conjunto alargado de conhecimento utilizado para o desenvolvimento das recomendações para o tratamento farmacológico da rinite alérgica, recomendações essas baseadas na metodologia GRADE, evidência do mundo real adquirida por tecnologia móvel (mHealth) e resultante de estudos de câmara de exposição alergénica. Em seguida, são resumidos os percursos assistenciais integrados para imunoterapia com alergénios produzidas em 2019. Considera-se a imunoterapia com alergénios um exemplo de medicina de precisão e em que a utilização de tecnologias mHealth permitirá melhorar a estratificação para seleção dos doentes e monitorização da resposta. Estas recomendações foram consideradas como ‘boas práticas’ dos cuidados integrados centrados no doente apoiados por sistemas digitais da DG Santé (Direção Geral de Saúde e de Segurança Alimentar da União Europeia) e representam a estratégia de gestão da mudança da fase 4 do ARIA.
- The future of allergic rhinitis management: A partnership between healthcare professionals and patientsPublication . Cvetkovski, Biljana; Muscat, Danielle; Bousquet, Jean; Cabrera, Martha; House, Rachel; Katsoulotos, Gregory; Lourenço, Olga; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos; Price, David; Rimmer, Janet; Ryan, Dermot; Smith, Pete; Yan, Kwok; Bosnic-Anticevich, SinthiaAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic respiratory condition that internationally continues to be burdensome and impacts quality of life. Despite availability of medicines and guidelines for healthcare providers for the optimal management of AR, optimisation of its management in the community continues to be elusive. The reasons for this are multi-faceted and include both environmental and healthcare related factors. One factor that we can no longer ignore is that AR management is no longer limited to the domain of healthcare provider and that people with AR make their own choices when choosing how to manage their condition, without seeking advice from a health care provider. We must build a bridge between healthcare provider knowledge and guidelines and patient decision-making.With this commentary, we propose that a shared decisionmaking approach between healthcare professionals and people with AR be developed and promoted, with a focus on patient health literacy. As custodians of AR knowledge, we have a responsibility to ensure it is accessible to those that matter most—the people with AR.
- Concepts for the Development of Person-Centered, Digitally Enabled, Artificial Intelligence–Assisted ARIA Care Pathways (ARIA 2024)Publication . Bousquet, Jean; Schünemann, Holger; Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo; Zuberbier, Torsten; Togias, Alkis; Samoliński, Bolesław; Bedbrook, Anna; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Hofmann-Apitius, Martin; Litynska, Justyna; Vieira, Rafael José; Giuliano, Antonio F.M.; Gotua, Maia; Gradauskiene, Brigita; Guzman, Maria Antonieta; Hossny, Elham; Hrubiško, Martin; Iinuma, Tomohisa; Irani, Carla; Ispayeva, Zhanat; Ivancevich, Juan Carlos; Anto, Josep M.; Jartti, Tuomas; Jesenak, Milos; Julge, Kaja; Jutel, Marek; Kaidashev, Igor; Bennoor, Kazi Saifuddin; Khaltaev, Nicolai; Kirenga, Bruce; Kraxner, Helga; Kull, Inger; Fonseca, Joao A; Kulus, Marek; Kuna, Piotr; Kupczyk, Maciej; Kurchenko, Andriy; La Grutta, Stefania; Lane, Stephen; Miculinic, Neven; Lee, Sang Min; Le Thi Tuyet, Lan; Lkhagvaa, Battur; Brozek, Jan; Louis, Renaud; Mahboub, Bassam; Mäkelä, Mika J.; Makris, Michael; Maurer, Marcus; Melén, Eric; Milenkovic, Branislava; Mohammad, Yousser; Moniuszko, Marcin; Montefort, Stephen; Bognanni, Antonio; Moreira, Andre; Moreno, Pablo; Mullol, Joaquim; Nadif, Rachel; Nakonechna, Alla; Navarro-Locsin, Cecilia Gretchen; Neffen, Hugo; Nekam, Kristof; Niedoszytko, Marek; Nunes, Elizabete; Brussino, Luisa; Nyembue Tshipukane, Dieudonne; O’Hehir, Robyn; Ollert, Markus; Ohta, Ken; Okamoto, Yoshitaka; Okubo, Kimihiro; Olze, Heidi; Padukudru, Mahesh Anand; Palomares, Oscar; Pali-Schöll, Isabella; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Panzner, Petr; Palosuo, Kati; Park, Hae-Sim; Passalacqua, Giovanni; Patella, Vincenzo; Pawankar, Ruby; Pétré, Benoît; Pitsios, Constantinos; Plavec, Davor; Popov, Todor A.; Cherrez Ojeda, Ivan; Puggioni, Francesca; Quirce, Santiago; Raciborski, Filip; Ramonaité, Agné; Recto, Marysia; Repka- Ramirez, María Susana; Roberts, Graham; Robles-Velasco, Karla; Roche, Nicolas; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Monica; Cruz, Alvaro; Romualdez, Joel A.; Rottem, Menachem; Rouadi, Philip; Salapatas, Marianella; Sastre, Joaquin; Serpa, Faradiba; Sayah, Zineb; Scichilone, Nicola; Senna, Gianenrico; Sisul, Juan; Vecillas, Leticia De Las; Solé, Dirceu; Soto-Martinez, Manuel E.; Sova, Milan; Sozinova, Olga; Stevanovic, Katarina; Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte; Szylling, Anna; Tan, Frances M.; Tantilipikorn, Pongsakorn; Bom, Ana Todo; Dykewicz, Mark; Tomic Spiric, Vesna; Tsaryk, Vladyslav; Tsiligianni, Ioanna; Urrutia-Pereira, Marilyn; Valentin Rostan, Marylin; Sofiev, Mikhail; Valovirta, Erkka; Van Eerd, Michiel; Van Ganse, Eric; Vasankari, Tuula; Gemicioglu, Bilun; Vichyanond, Pakit; Viegi, Giovanni; Wallace, Dana; Wang, De Yun; Waserman, Susan; Wong, Gary; Worm, Margitta; Yusuf, Osman; Zaitoun, Fares; Zidarn, Mihaela; Giovannini, Mattia; Haahtela, Tari; Jacobs, Marc; Jacomelli, Cristina; Klimek, Ludger; Kvedarienė, Violeta; Linnemann, Désirée Larenas; Louis, Gilles; Lourenço, Olga; Leemann, Lucas; Almeida, Mario Morais; Neves, Ana Luisa; Nadeau, Kari; Nowak, Artur; Palamarchuk, Yuliia; Palkonen, Susanna; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Parmelli, Elena; Pereira, Ana Margarida; Pfaar, Oliver; Regateiro, Frederico S.; Savouré, Marine; Barata, Luís Taborda; Toppila-Salmi, Sanna Katriina; Torres, María Jose; Valiulis, Arunas; Ventura, Maria Teresa; Williams, Siân; Yepes-Nuñez, Juan J.; Yorgancıoglu, Arzu; Zhang, Luo; Zuberbier, Jaron; Abdul Latiff, Amir; Abdullah, Baharudin; Agache, Ioana; Al-Ahmad, Mona; Al-Nesf, Maryam A Y; Al Shaikh, A.; Amaral, Rita; Ansotegui Zubeldia, Ignacio Javier; Asllani, Julijana; Balotro-Torres, Maria Cristina; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Bernstein, Jonathan; Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten; Blaiss, Michael S.; Bonaglia, Cristina; Bonini, Matteo; Bossé, Isabelle; Braido, Fulvio; Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan; Camargos, Paulo; Martins, Pedro Carreiro; Casale, Thomas; Castillo-Vizuete, José-Antonio; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Teixeira, Maria Do Céu; Chang, Yoon-Seok; Loureiro, Cláudia Chaves; Christoff, George; Ciprandi, Giorgio; Cirule, Ieva; Sousa, Jaime Correia De; Costa, Elísio; Cvetkovski, Biljana; De Vries, Govert; Del Giacco, Stefano; Devillier, Philippe; Dokic, Dejan; Douagui, Habib; Durham, Stephen; Enecilla, Maria Lourdes; Fiocchi, Alessandro; Fokkens, Wytske; Fontaine, Jean-François; Gawlik, Radoslaw; Gereda, Jose E.; Mata, Sara GilAbstract The traditional healthcare model is focused on diseases (medicine and natural science) and does not acknowledge patients' resources and abilities to be experts in their own lives based on their lived experiences. Improving healthcare safety, quality, and coordination, as well as quality of life, is an important aim in the care of patients with chronic conditions. Person-centered care needs to ensure that people's values and preferences guide clinical decisions. This paper reviews current knowledge to develop (1) digital care pathways for rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity and (2) digitally enabled, person-centered care.1 It combines all relevant research evidence, including the so-called real-world evidence, with the ultimate goal to develop digitally enabled, patient-centered care. The paper includes (1) Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), a 2-decade journey, (2) Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), the evidence-based model of guidelines in airway diseases, (3) mHealth impact on airway diseases, (4) From guidelines to digital care pathways, (5) Embedding Planetary Health, (6) Novel classification of rhinitis and asthma, (7) Embedding real-life data with population-based studies, (8) The ARIA-EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) strategy for the management of airway diseases using digital biomarkers, (9) Artificial intelligence, (10) The development of digitally enabled, ARIA person-centered care, and (11) The political agenda. The ultimate goal is to propose ARIA 2024 guidelines centered around the patient to make them more applicable and sustainable.
- Management of allergic rhinitis symptoms in the pharmacy Pocket guide 2022Publication . Lourenço, Olga; Cvetkovski, Biljana; Kritikos, Vicky; House, Rachel; Scheire, Sophie; Costa, Elísio; Fonseca, Joao A; Menditto, Enrica; Bedbrook, Anna; Bialek, Slawomir; Briedis, Vitalis; Boussery, Koen; Canonica, G. Walter; Haahtela, Tari; Kuna, Piotr; Mullol, Joaquim; Orlando, Valentina; Samolinski, Boleslaw; Wallace, Dana; Duggan, Catherine; Paulino, Ema; Pinto, Gonçalo S.; Söderlund, Lars‐Åke; Bousquet, Jean; Bosnic‐Anticevich, SinthiaBackground: Allergic rhinitis (AR) management requires a coordinated effort from healthcare providers and patients. Pharmacists are key members of these integrated care pathways resolving medication-related problems, optimizing regimens, improving adherence and recommending therapies while establishing liaisons between patients and physicians. Methods: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) first published a reference document on the pharmacist's role in allergic rhinitis management in 2004. Several guidelines were developed over the past 20 years improving the care of allergic rhinitis patients through an evidence-based, integrated care approach. Results: This ARIA/EAACI/FIP Position Paper is based on the latest ARIA in the Pharmacy guidelines and provides: (a) a structured approach to pharmacists identifying people with AR and/or allergic conjunctivitis as well as those at risk of poor disease control; (b) an evidence-based clinical decision support tool for optimising the management of allergic rhinitis in the community pharmacy; and (c) a framework of referral to the physician. Conclusion: This document is not intended to be a mandatory standard of care but is provided as a basis for pharmacists and their staff to develop relevant local standards of care for their patients, within their local practice environment. Pharmacy care varies between countries, and the guide should be adapted to the local situation.
- Heterogeneity of the pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis in Europe based on MIDAS and OTCims platformsPublication . Bousquet, Jean; Schröder-Bernhardi, Detlef; Bachert, Claus; Canonica, G Walter; Cardona, Victoria; Costa, Elísio; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Devillier, Philippe; Fonseca, Joao A; Klimek, Ludger; Kuna, Piotr; Lourenço, Olga; Mullol, Joaquim; Pfaar, Oliver; Pham-Thi, Nhân; Samolinski, Boleslaw; Saueressig, Julia; Scadding, Glenis K; Stroh, Ann-Kathrin; Scheire, Sophie; Van Ganse, Eric; Zuberbier, TorstenBackground: The practice of allergology varies widely between countries, and the costs and sales for the treatment of rhinitis differ depending on practices and health systems. To understand these differences and their implications, the rhinitis market was studied in some of the EU countries. Methods: We conducted a pharmaco-epidemiological database analysis to assess the medications that were being prescribed for allergic rhinitis in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. We used the IQVIA platforms for prescribed medicines (MIDAS®- Meaningful Integration of Data, Analytics and Services) and for OTC medicines (OTC International Market Tracking-OTCims). We selected the five most important markets in the EU (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). Results: Intranasal decongestants were excluded from the analyses because they are rarely prescribed for allergic rhinitis. For both Standard Units (SU) and costs, France is leading the other countries. In terms of SU, the four other countries are similar. For costs, Poland is lower than the three others. However, medication use differs largely. For 2018, in SU, intranasal corticosteroid is the first treatment in Poland (70.0%), France (51.3%), Spain (51.1%) and Germany (50.3%), whereas the Italian market is dominated by systemic antihistamines (41.4%) followed by intranasal corticosteroids (30.1%). Results of other years were similar. Discussion: There are major differences between countries in terms of rhinoconjunctivitis medication usage.
- ARIA-EAACI care pathways for allergen immunotherapy in respiratory allergyPublication . Bousquet, Jean; Pfaar, Oliver; Agache, Ioana; Bedbrook, Anna; Akdis, Cezmi; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Chivato, Tomas; Al-Ahmad, Mona; Rasib, A. H. Abdul; Ansotegui Zubeldia, Ignacio Javier; Bachert, Claus; Ispayeva, Zhanat; Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia; Recto, Marysia; Valiulis, Arunas; Durham, Stephen L; Gereda, Jose E; Schünemann, Holger; Levin, Michael; Zernotti, Mario; Fauquert, Jean-Luc; Sofiev, Mikhail; Kowalski, Marek; Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine; Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten; Wagenmann, Martin; Fontaine, Jean-François; Heffler, Enrico; Soto-Martinez, Manuel; Mahboub, Bassam; Jutel, Marek; Gerth Van Wijk, Roy; Lauerma, Antti; Ebisawa, Motohiro; Casale, Thomas; Bosse, Isabelle; Grisle, Ineta; Julge, Kaja; Barata, Luís Taborda; Meltzer, Eli O; Caraballo, Luis; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin; Gawlik, Radoslaw; Devillier, Philippe; Chu, Derek K; Irani, Carla; Kraxner, Helga; Toppila-Salmi, Sanna; Montefort, Stephen; Nekam, Kristof; Kaidashev, Igor; Guzman, Maria Antonieta; El-Gamal, Yehia; Klimek, Ludger; Lau, Susanne; Valovirta, Erkka; Mullol, Joaquim; Palomares, Oscar; Ollert, Markus; O'Hehir, Robyn; Gelincik, Asli; Kvedarienė, Violeta; Wallace, Dana; Okubo, Kimihiro; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Park, Hae-Sim; Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Haahtela, Tari; Linnemann, Désirée Larenas; Wong, Gary Wk; Pham-Thi, Nhân; Martins, Pedro Carreiro; Regateiro, Frederico S.; Ivancevich, Juan Carlos; Malling, Hans-Jørgen; Zhang, Luo; Rottem, Menachem; Demoly, Pascal; Samoliński, Bolesław; Knol, Edward; Miculinic, Neven; Brough, Helen; Fiocchi, Alessandro; Sheikh, Aziz; Kritikos, Vicky; Almeida, Mário Morais; Cirule, Ieva; Gomez, R Maximiliano; Soto-Quiros, Manuel; Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C; Namazova-Baranova, Leyla; Ėmužytė, Regina; Bom, Ana Todo; Manning, Patrick; Pajno, Giovanni B; Gemicioglu, Bilun; Tsiligianni, Ioanna; Milenkovic, Branislava; Plavec, Davor; Halken, Susanne; Skypala, Isabel; O'Mahony, Liam; Fokkens, Wytske J; Lombardi, Carlo; Riggioni, Carmen; Shamji, Mohamed; Hossny, Elham; Vandenplas, Olivier; Mortz, Charlotte G; Rouadi, Philip; Tomazic, Peter Valentin; Passalacqua, Giovanni; Odemyr, Mikaëla; Marshall, Gailen D; Sanchez-Borges, Mario; Solé, Dirceu; Kalayci, Omer; Walusiak-Skorupa, Jolanta; Neffen, Hugo; Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter; Roberts, Graham; Panzner, P.; Ohta, Ken; Scichilone, Nicola; Suppli-Ulrik, Charlotte; Kull, Inger; Yorgancıoglu, Arzu; Baharuddin, Abdullah; Sooronbaev, Talant; Serpa, Faradiba S; Patella, Vincenzo; Sova, Milan; Valero, Antonio; Laune, Daniel; Zidarn, Mihaela; Cardona, Victoria; Bonini, Matteo; Bjermer, Leif; Rodriguez-Gonzales, Monica; Torres, Maria J; Lourenço, Olga; Brussino, Luisa; Del Giacco, Stefano; Cepeda Sarabia, Alfonso M; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Sastre, Joaquin; Untersmayr, Eva; Melén, Erik; Cruz, Alvaro A; Niedoszytko, Marek; Dokic, Dejan; Sisul, Juan; Ventura, Maria Teresa; Moin, Mostafa; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Palkonen, Susanna; Fonseca, Joao A; Schwarze, Jürgen; Wang, De Yun; Mösges, Ralph; Popov, Todor A; Gotua, Maia; Valentin Rostan, Marylin; Yusuf, Osman; Okamoto, Yoshitaka; Ryan, Dermot; Hrubiško, Martin; Urrutia-Pereira, Marilyn; Zuberbier, Torsten; Pawankar, Ruby; Khaitov, Musa; Vichyanond, Pakit; Calderon, Moises A; Rosário, Nelson; Kuna, Piotr; Waserman, Susan; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Scadding, Glenis KAllergen immunotherapy (AIT), the gradually increasing repeated administration of high doses of allergens to allergic patients, offers the potential for immune tolerance against reactions to the natural exposures to specific allergens. AIT may lead to the long‐lasting remission of allergic symptoms and is the only disease‐modifying intervention in IgE‐mediated allergic respiratory diseases. [...]
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