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- Artificial Intelligence as an Opportunity for Journalism: Insights from the Brazilian and Portuguese MediaPublication . Canavilhas, João; Ioscote, Fabia Cristiane; Gonçalves, AdrianaArtificial Intelligence (AI) has been emerging as a topic of significant interest, attracting the attention of the public and leading to an increase in research and on media coverage of this technology. This article examines how the Brazilian and Portuguese media represent AI in journalism and the challenges it poses. Using digital methods, this study analysed 60 news articles published between June 2022 and June 2024. The data were collected through an anonymous search on Google News, and the content was analysed using sentiment analysis with the PTNews software, followed by a similarity analysis using the Iramuteq software. The results show a predominantly positive sentiment towards AI in journalism, with 91.8% of articles highlighting its benefits, such as increased efficiency and the automation of routine tasks. However, concerns about disinformation, ethical implications, and the potential erosion of journalistic credibility were less emphasised. The analysis also identified key themes, including AI’s dual role as both an enabler and a threat to journalism, the importance of human oversight, and the challenges of newsroom adaptation. The findings suggest that the Brazilian and Portuguese media generally present AI as an opportunity for journalism, often downplaying the associated risks and ethical challenges.
- A produção ciberjornalística colaborativa e internacional como experiência de ensino em universidades iberoamericanasPublication . Canavilhas, João; Ureta, Ainara Larrondo; Fernandes, Juliana; Luiz Martins, Gerson; Peña-Fernández, Simón; Zamith, FernandoEste trabalho analisa as possibilidades de inovação no ensino do ciberjornalismo a partir de dois projetos cooperativos internacionais que envolvem uma convergência de programas e metodologias. Este artigo examina como em sua fase mais avançada os alunos brasileiros, portugueses e bascos foram organizados em grupos de trabalho para cooperar e desenvolver conjuntamente, em inglês, coberturas jornalísticas multimídia e em profundidade, algumas delas, inclusive, com uma perspectiva transmídia. Os resultados permitem avaliar as vantagens e dificuldades dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem do tipo cooperativo e virtual que buscam fomentar a internacionalização de estudantes de comunicação e jornalismo na Iberoamérica
- Transparency mechanisms in the media: analysis of Spain and PortugalPublication . Renedo Farpón, Cristina; Canavilhas, João; Díez-Garrido, MaríaTransparency in the media has become a fundamental pillar within all democratic societies, as a mechanism for reinforcing government regulation (Anderson, 2009) and citizen trust in institutions (Vos and Craft, 2016). Journalism, which has traditionally acted as a watchdog and a check on power, is now in the midst of a credibility crisis, compounded by polarization and the rise of disinformation. For this reason, various studies advocate that media outlets, just like institutions and governments, should use transparency mechanisms that allow them to respond directly or indirectly to society regarding the content they publish, as an exercise of responsibility. This research aims to evaluate media transparency in the Spanish–Portuguese landscape by means of an index that includes variables studied in the theoretical framework and that come from legislative, academic, and professional sources. These variables have been used to measure corporate and financial transparency, transparency in content production, openness to public participation, and the self-regulation mechanisms of ten media outlets in Spain and Portugal. This study concluded that, with only 43% adherence to the transparency variables analyzed, promoting accountability is still a work in progress for media outlets, and it must be stepped up at both the academic and professional levels.
- Artificial Intelligence and Journalism: Current Situation and Expectations in the Portuguese Sports MediaPublication . Canavilhas, JoãoWith an important presence in various sectors of activity, Artificial Intelligence has also reached journalism, mostly in the field of natural-language processing, in the detection of informational trends or in the automatic production of texts. The fact that sport is one of the first to test AI is not a coincidence: it is a subject in which there is a lot of information online and where data is essential, so it is simpler to resort to natural language processing to transform them in texts with little or no human intervention; this work sought to understand if Artificial Intelligence is already used in Portuguese sports media, but also in mainstream media sports sections, whether they are newspapers, radios, TVs or online natives. A survey was sent only to decision-makers, that is, editors and coordinators. The study seeks to understand to what extent journalists expect AI to help journalism, what are the greatest difficulties of its use and what threats it represents. We can conclude that Portuguese sports journalism is aware of the potential of AI, although for now it is not used in newsrooms due to economic and professional constraints.
- Inteligencia artificial en el periodismo deportivo: estudio en Brasil y PortugalPublication . Canavilhas, João; Giacomelli, FábioLa inteligencia artificial ha llegado al periodismo en diferentes fases del proceso de producción de noticias, desde la identificación de tendencias informativas, al tratamiento de datos o a la producción automática de textos, entre otros. Su potencial se manifiesta, sobre todo, cuando existe una gran cantidad de datos, algo que pueden ofrecer secciones como las de deportes y economía. De las dos opciones, en este trabajo se ha elegido el periodismo deportivo y, así, buscamos conocer y entender cómo los periódicos, radios, televisiones y productos nativos digitales de Brasil y Portugal se han relacionado con la inteligencia artificial (IA). Para lograr los objetivos propuestos, enviamos una encuesta a los responsables de varios medios de comunicación de ambos países con preguntas que nos ayudaron a darnos cuenta de que los editores y responsables conocen la contribución que la IA puede ofrecer a sus redacciones. Entre otros resultados obtenidos, destacamos que el uso de IA en los medios brasileños está más presente que en Portugal, pero hay una convergencia en sus usos y en las dificultades para obtener un mayor desarrollo: la falta de recursos económicos y los bajos conocimientos sobre el potencial de la IA. Entre las razones destacables para usar dicha tecnología está el objetivo de hacer más eficiente el trabajo de los periodistas y de ahorrar tiempo en la producción. Se concluye que los decisores de medios deportivos portugueses y brasileños son conscientes del potencial de la IA, pero ahora mismo las dificultades económicas y profesionales son el principal adversario para su implementación en las redacciones.
- Decoding Journalism in the Digital Age: Self-Representation, News Quality, and Collaboration in Portuguese NewsroomsPublication . Canavilhas, João; Di Fátima, BrancoThis paper analyses the self-representations of Portuguese media professionals and their work practices. Utilizing data from a broader empirical study, this paper delves into the dynamics of influence among various actors within newsrooms. Based on journalists’ perceptions of the content, the methods they use to assess the quality of the news are also identified. To address these enquiries, a survey was conducted among professionals engaged in the news production process. This sample comprised 72 individuals from various sectors of newsrooms, including photographers, designers, IT professionals, social media managers, and videographers. The main results indicate that seven out of ten respondents acknowledged their reliance on colleagues in newsrooms for success. Furthermore, the data suggest that there are no significant disparities among different professionals, with personal satisfaction emerging as the primary criterion for assessing the work quality. It is notable that almost twice as many women tend to indicate the low impact of the journalist on their work compared to male respondents. Moreover, most respondents stated that there is space for hybrid professionals in newsrooms.
- Through The Looking-Glass: The Representation of Jordan and Portugal in Online-Media of Both CountriesPublication . Alzyod, Mushira Nasrallah; Canavilhas, JoãoObjectives: This article examines the media coverage in Jordan and Portugal about each other over four years (2018-21) to find out what are the subjects that the media of each country focus on, the most published stories, and the sources of these stories. Methods: A descriptive analysis method was used to evaluate 628 stories published in three online news outlets of both countries. Results: The study found that the Jordanian media published more stories about Portugal than the Portuguese media and the Jordanian media focused on sports subjects, especially football. On the other side, the Portuguese media focused on political subjects, but news about the Middle East referred to Jordan more than news related to Jordan, in particular. The dispute within the Jordanian royal family received the attention of the Portuguese press in its coverage of news from inside Jordan. In both countries, news agencies are the first source of stories. Conclusions: The results showed that the Jordanian media focused heavily on sports news related to the Portuguese national team and the player Cristiano Ronaldo, while political, economic, and even health news during the Covid-19 epidemic were few compared to sports. The Portuguese media focused more on political news than others, and the news related to the Middle East referred to Jordan more than the news about Jordan in particular, and this is linked to Jordan’s geographical location as a country located in the Middle East that shares its history and borders with Iraq, Syria, and Palestine.
- Algorithms and communication: A systematized literature reviewPublication . García Orosa, Berta; Canavilhas, João; Vázquez Herrero, JorgeThe influence of algorithms on society is increasing due to their growing presence in all areas of daily life. Although we are not always aware of it, they sometimes usurp the identity of other social actors. The main purpose of this article is to address the meta-research on the field of artificial intelligence and communication from a holistic perspective that allows us to analyze the state of academic research, as well as the possible effects on these areas and on the democratic system. To this end, we carried out a systematized review of recent literature using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The subject analyzed is changing and novel: it includes the impact and interaction of algorithms, bots, automated processes, and artificial intelligence mechanisms in journalism and communication, as well as their effects on democracy. The results show expanding scientific production, mostly in English, based on theoretical discussion or focused on the perception of communication professionals. The object of study is centered mostly on journalism and democracy, and to a lesser degree on ethics or education. Studies indicate great interest in the effects of the use of algorithms on journalism and democracy, but the answers are still uncertain and the challenges for the coming years are significant
- La inteligencia artificial en la lucha contra la desinformación en las presidenciales brasileñas 2022Publication . Welter, Lahis; Canavilhas, JoãoLa fuerte polarización entre dos grupos políticos en las elecciones brasileñas de 2022 forzó una segunda vuelta y culminó con el resultado electoral más equilibrado de la historia. Esta situación proporcionó un entorno desinformativo aún más complejo que en las anteriores elecciones presidenciales, con la inteligencia artificial (IA) como protagonista en la producción y difusión de información falsa. Sin embargo, la IA se utilizó igualmente para detectar, comprobar y verificar los contenidos desinformativos, en un intento de equilibrar las fuerzas. Este trabajo pretende analizar este segundo caso, es decir, la acción desarrollada por los bots del bien contra el mal. Para ello, se utilizaron metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas, analizando la acción de dos portales brasileños - Aos Fatos y Lupa - en la lucha contra las informaciones falsas relacionadas con la segunda vuelta entre Lula y Bolsonaro. Los resultados muestran que la mayor apuesta de ambos candidatos fue el contenido fabricado, es decir, producido de forma falsa, utilizando el nombre y el diseño de medios de comunicación para dar credibilidad a las piezas. También se concluyó que los bots y los equipos periodísticos de los dos portales fueron eficientes en el sentido de captar, verificar, comprobar e informar verazmente los contenidos previamente manipulados.
- La radio en el ecosistema mediático del siglo XXI: estudio de caso en PortugalPublication . Canavilhas, JoãoDesde que aparece la televisión, la muerte de la radio se anuncia como cercana. A pesar de todas las amenazas, el medio continúa vivo e, incluso, gana nuevos públicos en un escenario hostil para un medio centenario. La reali-dad muestra que la radio transformó sus debilidades en fuerzas y se adecuó al nuevo ecosistema de una forma más rápida que cualquier otro medio. Las ra-zones de esta veloz y exitosa adaptación están relacionadas con la simplicidad del soporte y con el lenguaje unisensorial usado, pero también con una capaci-dad inaudita para el reajuste a nuevas situaciones. En este trabajo se identifi-can los rasgos que hacen de la radio una superviviente y se analiza la forma como se adaptó al nuevo ecosistema, ilustrando cada caso con ejemplos de pro-gramas radiofónicos portugueses.
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