| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.43 MB | Adobe PDF | |||
| 11.13 MB | Adobe PDF | |||
| 19.48 MB | Adobe PDF | |||
| 2.12 MB | Adobe PDF | |||
| 1.25 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A região de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro e em particular o concelho de Lamego apresentam
um imenso e valioso património de construções de tabique. Esta técnica de construção, que
se encontra em desuso em Portugal desde o início do século XX, testemunha uma técnica de construção que recorre essencialmente a materiais naturais e locais, tais como a terra e a madeira, podendo definir-se como um processo construtivo sustentável. O facto de as construções de tabique apresentarem um avançado estado de degradação e de existir ainda uma escassez de estudos científicos nesta área justificou a realização desta tese.
O principal objetivo deste trabalho de investigação consistiu em estudar e caracterizar as construções de tabique existentes no concelho de Lamego, de forma a incentivar a sua reabilitação, bem como promover a utilização desta técnica construtiva em edifícios novos.
Para atingir este objetivo foi efetuado um vasto trabalho de campo que resultou num registo fotográfico, na análise e catalogação de edifícios de tabique, num estudo das suas principais características e da tipologia da estrutura interna das paredes de tabique e ainda na recolha de amostras dos materiais de construção. Foram ainda determinadas as dimensões dos elementos de tabique, e dos seus constituintes, ou seja, dos elementos de madeira que constituem a estrutura das paredes de tabique e dos pregos utilizados na conexão dos elementos de madeira, entre outras. Com base nestes dados foram elaborados desenhos de pormenor relativos a este tipo de paredes e à conexão entre os seus elementos de madeira.
Os resultados demonstraram que os edifícios de tabique têm características diferentes nos
aglomerados urbanos e rurais, que os elementos de madeira apresentam uma grande
variedade de tipologias e de dimensões e que a conexão entre os elementos de madeira é do
tipo apoio rotulado.
Foi ainda realizado um estudo experimental de identificação e caracterização dos materiais
utilizados na construção de tabique: o material de enchimento, a madeira e os pregos. Para o efeito, foram realizados ensaios normalizados e expeditos de caracterização da granulometria e plasticidade, análises SEM/EDS, ensaios de difração de raios X, ensaios de dureza Vickers, análises metalográficas e observações macroscópicas e microscópicas de cortes histológicos de amostras de madeira. Os resultados indicam que as espécies de madeira utilizadas são o pinho bravo e o castanho, que o material de enchimento é constituído por um silte arenoso e que os pregos são essencialmente constituídos por ferro.
Também se efetuou uma análise numérica das paredes de tabique onde se desenvolveram e
propuseram modelos numéricos de simulação do seu comportamento estrutural. Este estudo
permitiu verificar, entre outos, que as ripas de madeira do fasquio das paredes de tabique,
em determinadas condições, definem um sistema de distribuição de carga concordante com o
Eurocódigo 5.
The region of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro and in particular the municipality of Lamego have an immense and valuable heritage of tabique buildings. This construction technique, which has fallen into disuse in Portugal since the beginning of the XX century, witnessed a construction practice that uses natural and local materials, such as land and timber. Therefore, it can be defined as a sustainable constructive process. The fact that tabique construction submit an advanced state of disrepair and that there is still a dearth of scientific studies in this area justified the realization of this thesis. The main objective of this research was to study and characterize the tabique buildings in the municipality of Lamego, in order to encourage their rehabilitation, as well as the constructive use of this technique in new buildings. To achieve this goal, a vast field work was made that resulted in a detailed photographic recording, an analysis and catologing of tabique buildings, a study of its main characteristics and the type of tabique wall internal structure and also in the collection of samples of building materials. The dimensions of partition elements, and its constituents, namely the wood elements, which constitute the structure of partition walls, and the nails used in the connection of the wood elements, among others, were also determined. Based on these data, detailed drawings related to the walls and the connection between the wood elements were elaborated. The results, clearly demonstrate that tabique buildings have different characteristics in rural and urban areas, the wooden feature a wide variety of types and sizes and the connection between the timber elements is of the swivel type. In the scope of this thesis, it was further conducted an experimental identification and characterization of the materials used in the construction of partition walls: the filling material, wood and nails. For this purpose, assays were performed and normalized expedient characterization of particule syze and plastification, SEM/EDS analyses, X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness test, metallographic analyses, and macroscopic and microscopic observations of histological sections samples of wood. The results indicated that the main species of wood used are Pinus pinaster and castanea sativa mill, the mortar is an earthbased material composed of silt, sand and clay, and the nails are mainly made of iron. A numerical analysis of the partition walls was performed, where numerical models to simulate the structural behavior of the tabique walls were developed and proposed as an important framework for future studies in this area. This study showed, inter alia, that the internal wood structure of tabique walls, under certain conditions, defines a system of load distribution consistent with Eurocode 5.
The region of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro and in particular the municipality of Lamego have an immense and valuable heritage of tabique buildings. This construction technique, which has fallen into disuse in Portugal since the beginning of the XX century, witnessed a construction practice that uses natural and local materials, such as land and timber. Therefore, it can be defined as a sustainable constructive process. The fact that tabique construction submit an advanced state of disrepair and that there is still a dearth of scientific studies in this area justified the realization of this thesis. The main objective of this research was to study and characterize the tabique buildings in the municipality of Lamego, in order to encourage their rehabilitation, as well as the constructive use of this technique in new buildings. To achieve this goal, a vast field work was made that resulted in a detailed photographic recording, an analysis and catologing of tabique buildings, a study of its main characteristics and the type of tabique wall internal structure and also in the collection of samples of building materials. The dimensions of partition elements, and its constituents, namely the wood elements, which constitute the structure of partition walls, and the nails used in the connection of the wood elements, among others, were also determined. Based on these data, detailed drawings related to the walls and the connection between the wood elements were elaborated. The results, clearly demonstrate that tabique buildings have different characteristics in rural and urban areas, the wooden feature a wide variety of types and sizes and the connection between the timber elements is of the swivel type. In the scope of this thesis, it was further conducted an experimental identification and characterization of the materials used in the construction of partition walls: the filling material, wood and nails. For this purpose, assays were performed and normalized expedient characterization of particule syze and plastification, SEM/EDS analyses, X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness test, metallographic analyses, and macroscopic and microscopic observations of histological sections samples of wood. The results indicated that the main species of wood used are Pinus pinaster and castanea sativa mill, the mortar is an earthbased material composed of silt, sand and clay, and the nails are mainly made of iron. A numerical analysis of the partition walls was performed, where numerical models to simulate the structural behavior of the tabique walls were developed and proposed as an important framework for future studies in this area. This study showed, inter alia, that the internal wood structure of tabique walls, under certain conditions, defines a system of load distribution consistent with Eurocode 5.
Description
Keywords
Construção em Tabique - Caracterização de materiais - Lamego Construção em Tabique - Materiais naturais - Lamego Materiais compósitos - Estruturas madeira-terra