FCSH - DPE | Documentos por Auto-Depósito
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- O papel dos professores na identificação de crianças sobredotadasPublication . Almeida, Leandro S.; Oliveira, Ema; Silva, Manuela; Oliveira, CristianoEste artigo apresenta os resultados da aplicação de uma escala de descrição dos alunos assumidos pelos professores como sobredotados ou com mais altas capacidades. [...]
- Torrance Test of Creative Thinking: The question of its construct validityPublication . Almeida, Leandro S.; Prieto, Lola; Ferrando, Mercedes; Oliveira, Ema; Ferrándiz, CarmenSome cognitive dimensions are internationally considered by psychologists to describe and to assess creativity. For example, (Guilford, P. (1976). Creatividad y Educaci ´on. Buenos Aires. Ed. Paidos) and (Torrance, E. P. (1977). Discovery and nurturance of giftedness in the culturally different. Reston, VA: Council on Exceptional Children) suggested fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration are the main cognitive processes used to define and assess creativity. However, data from several empirical studies did not confirm a factor structure in accordance with such cognitive functions, despite of the wide use of TTCT (Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking) in different countries. In this paper, we present new data collected in Spain and Portugal with TTCT. According to our data, those cognitive functions supposedly present on a subject’s performance are not so strong as to explain the variance in scores. Elaboration factors assume some variance explanation, but the main factors are identified with the products in each subtest, suggesting the importance of format, content and demand on TTCT specific tasks. Consequently, we suggest some reflections to amplify the debate concerning the definition of creativity and its evaluation in psychology.
- Metaphor creation: A measure of creativity or intelligence?Publication . Barros, Débora Pereira; Primi, Ricardo; Miguel, Fabiano Koich; Almeida, Leandro S.; Oliveira, EmaThe goal of the present study was to verify whether the “Metaphor Creation Test” would really be a measure with unique characteristics of creativity, or a different way of evaluating constructs already known as intelligence. Two differentiated groups were considered: group 1 was comprised by 90 late course students, and group 2 included 73 undergraduate students from Architecture and Urbanism courses. The results showed lower correlation between metaphors production and abstract reasoning (r= .31) comparing with verbal reasoning test (r= .48). Correlations between the constructs reproduced what was already found in other studies, that is, intelligence and creativity are related, but not strongly enough to affirm that they are the same construct; therefore they are different but related constructs.
- Desenvolvimento da escala revista de ajustamento diádico (RDAS) com casais do mesmo sexoPublication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Pereira, Henrique; Leal, I.Com base na Dyadic Adjusment Scale (DAS), a versão reduzida americana Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) foi mais recentemente desenvolvida com o intuito de avaliar o ajustamento diádico de casais, mais fiável e parcimoniosa do que a original. O objectivo do presente estudo é o de avaliar a validade do modelo multidimensional de três factores da RDAS com uma amostra de 177 casais do mesmo sexo (49% casais de lésbicas e 51% casais de gays) em Portugal. Os participantes completaram a RDAS, a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social e a Escala de Homofobia Internalizada. Os resultados obtidos através de Análise Factorial Confirmatória foram semelhantes aos reportados pelos autores da escala revista. Através da RDAS foi possível discriminar níveis de ajustamento entre casais de lésbicas e casais gays, revelando-se que os casais de lésbicas reportaram níveis de coesão significativamente maiores do que casais gays. Foi também observado a importância de um baixo nível de homofobia internalizada e satisfação com o suporte social para o ajustamento diádico.
- Convencionalismo e Sexismo numa População UniversitáriaPublication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Pereira, Henrique; Leal, I.Sexismo pode ser encarado como uma forma de preconceito que tem por base uma atitude negativa inflexível contra as mulheres (Allport, 1954). Contudo, esta forma de preconceito não é unidimensionaI. Investigação recente tem revelado que na sua natureza, sexismo se reveste não só de uma forma clássica de hostilidade contra as mulheres, mas também de uma forma mais subtil, caracterizada por uma protecção aparentemente positiva e paternalista a que se chama sexismo benevolente. Estas duas formas de preconceito servem como mecanismos de manutenção de uma desigualdade de género em diferentes contextos (Glick & Fiske, 1997; 2001). Mantendo estas duas formas em simultâneo, os autores Glick e Fiske sugerem que se trata de sexismo ambivalente, defendendo, desta forma, a multidimensionalidade do conceito de sexismo (Glick & Fiske, 1996). [...]
- Heterosexuals' attitudes toward same-sex parenting: The case of PortugalPublication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Rita, Cláudia; Fernandes, Inês; Caldeira, Sara; Pereira, Henrique; Leal, I.During the last decade in Portugal, there have been political changes regarding the rights of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals, such as the right to marry. However, parenting by same-sex couples is not legally recognized, and there are legal impediments for same-sex parents to adopt a child. The purpose of this study was to assess Portuguese heterosexuals’ attitudes toward same-sex parenting and the reasoning behind them. 993 participants (266 males and 727 females), aged between 18 and 69 years with a mean age of 34, responded to one of three online questionnaires using a quasi-experimental methodology: each questionnaire included a case vignette depicting a heterosexual, a gay, or a lesbian couple wishing to adopt a child. Participants were then asked to evaluate if the couple would be fit to adopt and if they anticipated any social and emotional problems with the child. Results revealed that participants evaluated more favorably the heterosexual couple than did the same-sex couples. Furthermore, participants consistently anticipated more children’s social and emotional problems if they were adopted by a gay or a lesbian couple. Group differences revealed that men evaluated less favorably gay and lesbian couples than women did. Religious affiliation also revealed that catholic people were less favorable toward gay and lesbian adoption than atheist people were. Implications of these findings will be discussed.
- University Students’ Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Parenting and Gay and Lesbian Rights in PortugalPublication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Almeida, Rute; Anselmo, Cátia; Ferreira, André; Pereira, Henrique; Leal, I.The purpose of this study was to explore university students' attitudes toward same-sex parenting and toward gay and lesbian rights. A total of 292 participants, aged between 18 and 27 (M = 21) responded to a questionnaire measuring attitudes toward parenting by gay men and lesbians, gay and lesbian rights, and beliefs about the etiology of homosexuality. Results revealed that the majority of students were against gay and lesbian parenting, gay and lesbian equal rights, and believed that homosexuality has a social/environmental basis. It was found that sexual prejudice is highly prevalent in Portuguese university students, and implications of these findings are discussed.
- Escola inclusiva e sobredotaçãoPublication . Ramôa, Mónica Cristina Cerqueira; Oliveira, EmaA escola inclusiva aponta para a transformação da sociedade, isto é, para a construção de uma sociedade inclusiva. E uma sociedade inclusiva é aquela que acolhe em si a diversidade, que democratiza a diferença e valoriza a heterogeneidade. [...]
- Aceitação e eficácia de um programa de intervenção psicoeducativa para pais de crianças com asmaPublication . Silva, Cláudia Mendes Da; Barros, Luísa; Simões, FátimaConsiderando a importância que a educação sobre a asma deve assumir no plano de gestão familiar da doença, e a falta de programas deste tipo em Portugal, construímos uma intervenção psicoeducativa breve para pais de crianças com asma entre os 7 e os 13 anos, visando a aquisição de atitudes mais positivas na gestão da doença. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aceitação, eficácia e a satisfação relativa ao programa intervenção. Completaram a intervenção 10 mães, tendo participado nas 3 sessões de grupo e nos 3 momentos de avaliação (linha de base, final da intervenção e follow-up a 9 meses). Para além da recolha de informação sociodemográfica e clínica, aplicaram-se dois questionários, um de conhecimentos sobre a asma e outro de qualidade de vida da criança (DISABKIDS-37, versões pais e criança). Utilizou-se também uma entrevista sobre a gestão da asma pela família (FAMSS) na avaliação inicial e no follow-up. Os resultados evidenciaram uma melhoria moderada no conhecimento dos pais e nas práticas de gestão da asma, confirmando a utilidade de incluir a intervenção psicoeducativa nos cuidados às crianças com asma.
- The protective effect of job satisfaction in health, happiness, well-being and self-esteemPublication . Satuf, Cibele; Monteiro, Samuel; Pereira, Henrique; Esgalhado, Graça; Afonso, Rosa Marina; Loureiro, ManuelThe purpose of this article is to analyze the possible effects of job satisfaction on mental and physical health, happiness, subjective well-being and self-esteem. A total of 971 Portuguese-speaking adults participated in this study. Most participants reported high rates of satisfaction with their colleagues, the nature of their work and leadership, while reporting dissatisfaction with regard to salaries and promotions. Results indicated the existence of the protector effect of job satisfaction for health, happiness, subjective well-being and self-esteem, in addition to reinforcing the importance of maintaining a positive evaluation of one's work. As a practical implication, the results may suggest that the effects of personnel management policies which emphasize job satisfaction could potentially lead to improvements in levels of health, happiness, subjective well-being and workers' self-esteem, all of which are factors that can potentially improve organizational performance. The study also considered its limitations and the possibility for future investigation.