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- Cistercian Architectural Heritage as Cultural LandmarksPublication . Martins, Ana Maria TavaresThis approach will be based on the Cistercian heritage in Portugal through a systematic analysis of the Cistercian existences, its appropriation and insertion in the territory. So that this contex-tualization to be possible, it’s necessary to proceed to the identification of the territorial key-words, which provided the existence of these architectures in Portugal, as well as its integration, its transformation and its permanence in the territory. The geographical, topographical and his-toric approaches will be providing a typology scheme for the chosen sites. The relationship be-tween Cistercian architecture and actuality is deeply linked to the subject of how to rehabilitate this heritage. Which are the actions and the strategies to be used? How the monastic heritage does interact with the contemporary urban or rural territory? How an ideal becomes an architec-tonic reality? How the Cistercian architectural heritage becomes a cultural landmark?
- Learning from Tradition: Vernacular Built Heritage of Madeira (Portugal), a Sustainable ProposalPublication . Martins, Ana Maria Tavares; Vieira, Elma Rute Nascimento; Carlos, Jorge S.; Nepomuceno, MiguelThe archipelago of Madeira (Portugal), of volcanic origin and situated in the intraplate region of the African plate, was formed during the Miocene and seats in a full oceanic domain. Since the settlement of the island (15th century), several destructive landslides have happened. In the Island of Madeira, housing is an important expression of the action of man over nature, thus creating a harmonious landscape between the built and its surroundings. In response to the accentuated Topography, terraced platforms appeared to soften this inclination. Vernacular building traditions are repeatedly cited in the academic literature as exemplary models of environmental practice. Therefore, research that addresses the vernacular traditions of the Island of Madeira may emphasize its potential for continuity and viability for maintenance and rehabilitation. Sustainability is indissolubly linked to vernacular architecture and the lessons learned from this architecture of the past can teach us which knowledge to apply in the future. The demand for sustainable buildings with minimal environmental impact is increasing, thus leading the construction industry to adopt new technologies for building design. Achieved for generations, this architecture shows us the art of a population in the construction. The rural housing of Madeira revealed itself as a wise design, where the masters of the craft created a perfect communion between the space, utility, comfort and the volumetric balance, thus creating a new artificial element that connects perfectly with the natural space. Passive strategies have been used around the world for centuries. In the last decades, inhabitants became dependent on mechanical systems with rising economic and environmental impacts. Learning from the past to understand how houses evolved to respond to the surrounding environment is important. The analysis of the local vernacular dwellings will provide insight into well-adapted popular solutions to deal with the local climatic conditions in order to promote responsive passive building technologies and a sustainable proposal is also presented.
- Anatomía tridimensional del paisaje histórico urbano: fragmentos del mundo monástico en la constitución de la ciudad contemporáneaPublication . Pérez-Cano, Teresa; Martins, Ana Maria Tavares; Mosquera-Adell, EduardoIn the studies of the patrimonial landscape of cities of complex historical decantation, since it is the brand of so many cities of southern Europe, there appear strata or layers that qualify them, between which, for their dimension and density of episodes, their capacity of continuity of the secular permanent use, the monastic and conventual architecture is being outlined.
- Cistercians in Portugal: From Order to Congregation According to an Architectural PerspectivePublication . Martins, Ana Maria TavaresThe Cistercian Order was introduced in Portugal, in the 12th century and its monasteries were from the beginning associated with the development of the nation and the objectives of occupation and administration of the territory. [...]
- Arquitetura barroca: cenografia e acústicaPublication . Martins, Ana Maria TavaresA memória de uma cultura e de um País traduz-se no seu património material e imaterial. O espaço barroco, em particular a arquitetura religiosa, conduz a uma leitura indissociável entre arquitetura, música, som e cenografia. Investigações recentes no domínio da acústica de edifícios revelaram que o condicionamento acústico adotado na época, aparentemente empírico, era já provido de condições propícias ao exercício de determinadas práticas musicais. Neste contexto, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre o contributo de Nicolau Nasoni, concretizado na Igreja e Torre dos Clérigos (Porto).
- From Popular to Contemporary: a Review on Portuguese Vernacular ArchitecturePublication . Salvado, João Pedro Ferreira; Martins, Ana Maria Tavares; Nepomuceno, Miguel Costa SantosThis research is based on the main principle that history repeats itself. Therefore, it can create interest in subjects that, at first sight, may look anachronistic. The authors recall the growing position towards architectural solutions, that take reference from the past, and retrace the studies perceived by the architects of the “Inquérito à Arquitectura Regional Portuguesa” (Survey on Regional Portuguese Architecture) of 1955/57. Since they were looking for a middle way between government impositions and the radicalism of the International Style, the results influenced not only their individual designs but also acquired a pioneer status, thus raising many new questions.
- Built Heritage Research and EducationPublication . Martins, Ana Maria Tavares; Carlos, Jorge Manuel da Silva; Nepomuceno, Miguel Costa SantosThe University of Beira Interior (UBI) is one of the most recent Portuguese universities (1986). First polytechnic and then university it is structured in five faculties. The existing knowledge fields include engineering, social sciences, humanities, arts and letters, communication and health sciences. The Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DECA) is part of the Faculty of Engineering. The main degrees in the DECA-UBI are the Integrated Master degrees in Architecture and in Civil Engineering. These are a five year program which combines undergraduate and postgraduate study into a single course. The interdisciplinarity and interrelation, which link both research and education, are the basis for the production of knowledge at DECA-UBI. Built heritage is a very important cultural asset as the evidence of any society development and it is a field of interest at DECA-UBI. It refers to all aspects of the man-made environment such as houses, places of worship, commercial and office buildings, monuments and other places of historical significance. Built heritage helps to define a sense of place and identity for communities. It is not only about monuments of exceptional value but also includes small modest vernacular buildings that represent other equally important historical, social and cultural values. The attention paid to the built heritage has increased in Portugal. It should be emphasized that some of these buildings are now used for functions that did not exist when they were built. Furthermore, the actual technical requirements are not always compatible with the former building. A regular maintenance of these buildings may include preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction, adaptation and interpretation. Balance needs to be achieved. The future of built heritage conservation is focused on the sustainable built environment. Conservation does not require buildings to be preserved in their original condition to accept contemporary use. It may change over time as community values evolve. However it is important, as a cultural asset, to retain its original heritage features. While heritage conservation is a key player in sustainability planning, interdisciplinary skills that are needed to deliver the heritage studies and projects of the new generation architects which combine aspects of cultural heritage with the best preventive conservation, projects, methodologies and practices. For this purpose it is important to link with engineering sciences. In this paper, the authors describe their experience concerning this link between research and education in the Integrated Master degree in Architecture, which is emphasized by the specific and multidisciplinary research performed as members of the faculty staff at DECA-UBI linking with other sciences of engineering as thermal comfort, acoustics and daylighting. A few examples presented are the analysis of the performance of acoustics and daylight of Cistercians churches, the acoustic analysis as a support for the architectural rehabilitation of an outdated theatre, the thermal performance of new housing of an adapted monastery, to perceive the user’s satisfaction of a vernacular housing through a post occupancy inquiry, the rehabilitation from vernacular ruins.
- As arquitecturas de Cister em Portugal: a actualidade das suas reabilitações e a sua inserção no territórioPublication . Martins, Ana Maria Tavares; Mosquera Adell, Eduardo; Pérez Cano, María TeresaLa elección del tema recae en su actualidad así como en el creciente interés que ha sido y que sigue siendo demostrado y desarrollado a la escala mundial. El legado cisterciense en Portugal forma parte de algo más vasto como el plan integral de las arquitecturas del Císter en toda Europa estándose desarrollando un programa integrado de recuperación y rehabilitación del patrimonio cisterciense. Este plan integrado no solo tiene por fin la recuperación, rehabilitación y valoración del patrimonio cisterciense como también el incremento del interés cultural por el territorio. Las marcas del legado de la Orden del Císter en Portugal están constituidas por monasterios, abadías, iglesias, envolventes urbanísticas y rurales, patrimonio industrial, así como patrimonio mueble, tradiciones, ritos y cultos que se constituyen en unidades no solo arquitectónicas sino artísticas y paisajísticas, de elevado valor patrimonial que merecen ser estudiadas y preservadas. El Instituto Portugués del Patrimonio Arquitectónico (IPPAR) conjuntamente con otras instituciones ha desarrollado los “Itinerarios del Císter” que con la transformación del IPPAR en IGESPAR, fue sustituido por el programa “Conjuntos Monásticos” que englobaba también ejemplares arquitectónicos de otras Ordenes. Posteriormente el IGESPAR sustituyó el programa “Conjuntos Monásticos” por el programa “Monasterios Portugueses Patrimonio de la Humanidad”. A pesar de que el Patrimonio Cisterciense, en Portugal, empieza a insertarse en un plan totalizante y transeuropeo, no deja de prestar su contribución en la vitalización de los planes locales o regionales de desarrollo e identificación cultural. En la actualidad Portugal integra la Carta Europea de los Monasterios y Sitios Cistercienses (Charte des Abbayes et Sites Cisterciens d’Europe), entidad fundada informalmente, hace poco más de dos décadas, en la Abadía de Pontigny pero que apenas en el año 1993, en la Abadía de Fontenay, se concretizaron y oficializaron sus estatutos [Tese de doutoramento defendida na Universidade de Sevilha e posteriormente requerido registo do grau académico na UBI].
- Os Mosteiros Cistercienses na Região das BeirasPublication . Martins, Ana Maria TavaresOs monges de Cister em Portugal começaram por habitar o espaço territorial designado vulgarmente por “Beira” e que hoje, mais concretamente, se pode incluir nos Distritos de Viseu e Guarda, e nas Dioceses de Guarda, Lamego e Viseu. Terão entrado pelas terras do Varosa, mais propriamente por S. João de Tarouca (1143), seguindo-se depois a Abadia Velha (c.1150), S. Cristóvão de Lafões (1163), Santa Maria de Aguiar (1169), Santa Maria de Maceira Dão (1188), Santa Maria de Salzedas (1191), S. Pedro das Águias-Velho (séc. XII), S. Pedro das Águias-Novo (séc. XVI) e Nossa Senhora da Assunção de Tabosa (1685). Mosteiros até então beneditinos ou afectos a outras ordens religiosas foram imbuídos pela presença do novo espírito cisterciense adaptando-se aos novos usos e costumes. [...]
- O Mosteiro de TabosaPublication . Martins, Ana Maria TavaresO Mosteiro de Nossa Senhora da Assunção, de Tabosa, em Sernancelhe, que em tempos de vida e actividade pertenceu à Ordem de Cister, é um dos muitos mosteiros que fazem parte integrante do legado patrimonial que a Ordem deixou por toda a Europa. Foi instituído a 22 de Abril de 1690 por uma rica herdeira de Sernancelhe, D. Maria Pereira, parente dos Condes da Feira. Infelizmente, este interessante exemplar de Arquitectura Monástica carece de mais atenção, devendo proceder-se à sua reabilitação e salvaguarda com urgência. Isto, de modo a que não se deteriore ainda mais e a sua beleza se esfume no tempo. […]